[kairosci]

Fixes #24735.

[anun333]

Quoted below: written with Claude, an LLM, as CONTRIBUTING.md asks us to mark. The builds and test runs behind it are on my machine; the commands to repeat them are under the fold.

This fixes the issue's case, but a time in the second occurrence of the repeated hour now goes back to the first, in London as well as Dublin. On today's PHP-8.5 (6a020d606e4) with this applied, debug builds, 2026-10-25:

Start	then	PHP-8.5	this PR
Dublin 01:10:30 IST (first)	setTime(1, 10, 59)	01:10:59 GMT (+3629s)	01:10:59 IST (+29s)
Dublin 01:10:30 GMT (second)	setTime(1, 10, 59)	01:10:59 GMT (+29s)	01:10:59 IST (−3571s)
London 01:10:30 BST (first)	setTime(1, 10, 59)	01:10:59 BST (+29s)	01:10:59 BST (+29s)
London 01:10:30 GMT (second)	setTime(1, 10, 59)	01:10:59 GMT (+29s)	01:10:59 BST (−3571s)

modify('+29 seconds') gives the same result as setTime() in every row. A time in the spring-forward gap (01:30 on 2026-03-29) comes out the same on both builds, and ext/date/tests passes on both (694 tests; 695 with this one's).

So it seems to prefer the first occurrence even when the time started in the second; keeping the offset the time already had, whenever that offset is valid for the new wall time, would cover both. A test with a start in the second occurrence would catch it.

Also, since this changes ext/date/lib: that's timelib (https://github.com/derickr/timelib), and its logic changes have come into php-src through timelib releases (d83851dae86, "Update timelib to 2022.17", for one). Should this go to timelib first?

How this was tested

Linux x86_64, gcc 13.3, debug builds of origin/PHP-8.5 and of it with this PR's commit cherry-picked:

./buildconf --force
./configure --enable-debug --disable-cgi --disable-phpdbg --disable-fileinfo --enable-pcntl --enable-zend-test --enable-fpm
make -j4

Run with sapi/cli/php -n:

foreach (['Europe/Dublin', 'Europe/London'] as $tz) {
    foreach (['2026-10-25 00:10:30 UTC' => 'first', '2026-10-25 01:10:30 UTC' => 'second'] as $utc => $which) {
        $d = (new DateTimeImmutable($utc))->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone($tz));
        $e = $d->setTime((int) $d->format('H'), 10, 59);
        $m = $d->modify('+29 seconds');
        printf("%-14s %-6s %s -> setTime %s (%+ds), modify %s (%+ds)\n", $tz, $which, $d->format('H:i:s T'),
            $e->format('H:i:s T'), $e->getTimestamp() - $d->getTimestamp(), $m->format('H:i:s T'), $m->getTimestamp() - $d->getTimestamp());
    }
}
foreach (['Europe/Dublin', 'Europe/London'] as $tz) {
    echo (new DateTimeImmutable('2026-03-29 01:30:00', new DateTimeZone($tz)))->format('H:i:s T'), "\n";
}

Suites: TEST_PHP_EXECUTABLE=$PWD/sapi/cli/php sapi/cli/php run-tests.php -n -q -j4 ext/date/tests on both.

[kairosci]

Overlap resolution now preserves the starting UTC offset when it remains valid, falling back to the earlier occurrence otherwise. Added regression coverage for setTime() and modify() starting in the second occurrence.